Internal-combustion-engine cylinder



Aug. 6, 1929. v

WITNESSES A. T. KASLEY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CYLINDER Filed Jan. 4.1927 VII/4VII/Ial/IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Ill/71III,I'll/III,,I/IIIIIIIIIIIII/IIIIIII/I/IIIII/II/IIII Q 2 l 0 0IIInUHUIIIIHnIH,

AIKosleY I INVENTOR Q1, KW

ATTORNEY Patented An. 6, 1929.

uNiTEn STATES 1 1,723,177 PATENT OFFICE. 1

ALEXANDER '1. KASLEY, OF MGORE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WESTIITGHOUSEELECTRIC & MANUFACTURIR G CGMI-ANY, A COEPGRATEGIQ 0F PENNSYLVANIA.

INTERNAL-GOMBUSTIGN-ENG-INE CYLINDER.

Application filed January 4, 1927.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines, more particularlyto internal combustion engines of the opposed piston Diesel type, andhas for its object the provision of an improved cylinder constructionfor such engines, which shall be simple of design, of relatively lightweight for the power developed within the cylinder, which shallincorporate simple improved means of cooling, and which shall have therequisite strength to withstand the stresses to which it is subjected.

Apparatus embodying features of my invention is illustrated in theaccompanying drawing wherein:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a cylinder made in accordancewith my invention; and,

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line IIII of Fig. 1.

Referring to the drawings, I show my improved cylinder, indicatedgenerally, at 10, having therein a pair of opposed pistons 11 and 12.Fuel is admitted to the cylinder by means of any suitable mechanismthrough openings 13. After combustion of the fuel in the cylinder thegases of-combustion are exhausted through openings 14 into an exhaustmanifold 16.

. Scavenging air for sweeping out the products of combustion and forsupplying air for the combustion of a subsequentcharge of the fuel isadmitted to the cylinder through suitable scavenging ports 17 from ascavenging air manifold 18. The fuel inlet openings 13, the exhaustopenings 14 and the scavenging openings 17 may be said to beradially-extending, that is, they extend in such a direction as to passthrough the wall of the cylinder between its exterior surface and itsinterior bore.

The walls of the cylinder surrounding the central bore wherein thepistons 11 and 12 are located are relatively thin in cross sectionexcept in areas adjacentto the inlet ports 13, the exhaust ports 14;,and the scavenging ports 17. In the areas surrounding these ports thewalls are made relatively thick as shown at 21, 22 and 23. The thickenedwall 21 surrounding the fuel inlets 13 gives sufficient strength to thewalls in the areas wherein the highest pressures occur from the freshlyignited fuel, The thickened walls at 22 and 23, adjacent the exhaustports and scavenging ports respectively,

Serial no. 158,969.

gives the requisite strength to the cylinder in that area which wouldotherwise be weakened on account of the relatively large openingsdefining the exhaust ports and scaveng-' ing ports. The remainder of thecylinder wall, as may be seen from thedrawing is relatively thin, justsufficient to withstand the stresses due to pressure in the cylinderwith safety. The cylinder is provided with thickened portions 22" and 23spaced outwardly from the thickened portions 22 and' 23, respectively,for purposes to be described.

Surrounding the thinner portion of the walls of the cylinder are aplurality of jacket members or sleeves 2G, 27, 28 and 29. The members orsleeves 26, 27, 28 and 29 are arranged to bridge the spaces betweenadjacent thickened portions of the cylinder and to provide, with respectto the relative] 1 thin portions of the cylinder, water jacket spaces26, 27, 2S and 29, respectively. The wa ter acket spaces 26, 27, 28 and29 communicatewith each other by means of cooling passages 31, 32 and 33formed in the thickened wall portions 23, 21 and 22, respectively. Thepassages 31, 32 and 33 may be formed by removing or omitting materialfrom the thickened wall portions 21, 22 and 23 in between the cylinderopenings. This may be done, for example, bydrilling holes in thelocations illustrated in the drawing. Cooling water is admitted at oneend of the cylinder through a conduit 34, which coinmunicates with thecircumferential space 3% provided in the thickened portion 23, thecircumferential space connnimicating, by

way of passageway means 3%), with the jacket space 26. Cooling waterpasses from the jacket space 26 through the passages 31 to the space27"; from the jacket space 27 water passes through the passages'32 tothe space 28*; from the space 28 water passes through. the passages 33to the jacket space 29; and from the latter space water is dis chargedthrough the conduit 36. Sullicient cooling passages to insureiagainstoverheat ing of the thickened wall portions are dis tributed entirelyaround the cylinder as shown for the passages 32 in Fig. 2, which may betaken as representative of the arrangement of the passages in thethickened wall portions 22 and 23. g

It will be noted that the thickened portions 23 23, 21, 22 and 22 are ofsuch relative radial thicknesses that the sleeve or jacket members 26,27, 28 and 29 may be readily slipped on cndwise over the cylinder endsand then secured to the thickened por tions in any suitable manner, bywelding, soldering and the like. The thickened portion 23 is providedwith a part 23 the inner side of the opening J which is of slightlygreater radial thickness than the remainder of such thickened portion23, the part 23 being of substantially the same radial thickness as theportion 21 in order that a sleeve member 27 of substantially uniformdiameter may be secured in place with respect to the thickened portions23 and 21 and bridge the space therebetween. As shown Fig; 1 thethickened portion 23 is of slightly less radial thickness than the major part of the thickened portion 23; and, in order that the sleeve 26may it the thickened portion 23 closely and present, with respect to thelatter, a smooth exterior flush surface, I show a rabbeted connection 26with respect to the thickened portion 23. The thickened portions 22 22are of substantially the same radius and sligh 1y less than. that of thethickened portion 21. The sleeve 28 fits the thickened portion 21 and isslightly constricted to fit the thickened portion 22. The sleeve 29 hasterminal constricted portions for fitting the thickened portions 22 and22 The sleeve members lit the thickened portions and terminate short ofthe openings 13, 14 and 17, whereby parts of the thickened portionshaving such openings are exposed for apparatus which is cooperative withsuch openings. Hence, it will be seen that the sl eve members 26 and 27may be readily slipped on from the letthand end of the cylinder andsecured in place with respect to the thickened portions in any suitablemanner. Likewise, the sleeve members 28 and 29 may he slipped on fromtheright-hand end of the cylinder and secured in plac So far as myinvention is concerned, it is to be understood that any suitable radialthicknesses of the thickened portions may be provided so long; as thesleeve members may be assembled and secured in place.

Referring particularly to Fig. 2, it will be seen that the cylinder 10is supported and restrained against longitudinal movement at its midportion by a pair of bracket members ll and 42 secured tolongitudinally-e):- tending plate members 43 and td. The bracket membersl1 and 42 are secured to the cylinder 10 by means of plugs 46 and 47which are screwed into the cylinder 10 and secured to the brackets lland 42 by means of pins l8 and 4:9. The ends of the cylinder 10, shownat 51 and 52, are slidingly supported in ring members 53 and 54 sothatthe cylinder is free to expand and contract, away from its centralrestraining means, due to temperature changes.

in cylinder such as I have shown, it ill 'e seen that the working forcesof the enare not imposed upon the cylinder due to the opposed pistontype of construction. ELll'ill'cllflOlG, the supporting means 1 cmployinsures that the only stresses to which the cylinder is subjected arethose due to pressure wi hin the cylinder and to triction between thepiston and cylinder. It will thus be seen that my improved structure issuch to provide a cylinder with th least possible weight per unit ofpower developed and at the same time has adequate means for cooling it.

While l have shown my invention in one form, it will be obvious to thoseskilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible ofvarious other ch ng s and mo fications, without departing from the s, itthereof, and I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall beplaced thereupon as imposed by the prior art or as are specificallyforth in the appended claims.

ll hat claim is:

1. A cylinder for an opposed piston tyne internal combustion enginehaving centrally disposed fuel inlet n ans, exhaust outlet means spacedfrom the fuel inlet means toward one end of the cylinder, and airscavenging inlet means spaced from the fuel inlet means toward theopposite end of the cylinder from the exhaust outlet means, comprising"a bod portion havin rela .tlYQlY thin is the mayor portion of its lengthand -ed in areas adjacent to the fuel inlet is, the exhaust outlet meansand the scavenging inlet means, water jacket means surrounding thethinner wall p: ons of the cylinder, water inlet and outlet meansprovided at opposite ends respectively oi the cylinder, and meansprovidedin the thickened wall portions for circulating water from thewate inlet means to the water out engine of ti opposed pi ton type coprising a one-piece body h. .lnaj a central bore and provided withcent-rally lisposed fuel inlet means, said central portion of thecylinder defining a combustion space, said cylinder body havingrelatively thin walls the ggreaer portion of its length but haw ig itswalls thickened at the central portion thereof, water jacket reans surounding the thin wall portions or the cylinder, water inlet meanscommunicating; with the water jacket means at one end of the cylinder,water outlet zneans provided in he water jacket means at the other endof the cylinder, said thickened wall portions of the cylinderhavingpassages provided therein for the circulation oi cooling waterfrom one end of the cylinder to the other.

In an internal combustion engine of a one-piece cylinder havingrelatively thin wall portions for the major part of its length andhaving a central thickened wall portion provided with one or moreradiallyextending fuel admission openings and transverse cooling mediumpassages, jacket means cooperating with the thickened wall portion andwith portions of the cylinder spaced from the thickened wall portion toprovide jacket spaces at either side of the thickened wall portion, andmeans providing for the circulation of cooling medium through saidjacket spaces and passages.

l. In an internal combustion engine of the opposed-pistontype, thecombination of a one-piece cylinder having relatively thin wall portionsfor the major part of its length and having a central thickened wallportion provided with one or more radiallyextending fuel admissionopenings and transverse cooling medium pa ages, and having thickenedwall portions disposed at either side of and spaced from the centralthickened wall portion and provided with radially-extending openings andtransverse cooling medium passages; sleeve means co operating with thethickened wall portions to provide jacket spaces; and means provid ingfor the circulation of cooling medium through the jacket spaces andpassages.

5. In an internal combustion engine of the.

opposed-piston type, the combination of a one-piece cylinder havingrelatively thin wall portions for the major part of its length andhaving a central thickened wall portion provided with'one or moreradially-extending fuel admission openings and transverse cooling mediumpassages, and having pairs of spaced inner and outer thickened wallportions disposed at either side of and spaced from the centralthickened wall portion, the inner thickened wall portions of said pairsbeing provided with radially-extending inlet and exhaust openings,respectively, and each having transverse cooling medium. passages;sleeve means cooperating with the thickened wall portions to providejacket spaces between adjacent thickened wall por lions; and meansproviding for the circulation of cooling medium through the jacketspaces and passages.

6. In. an internal combustion engine of the opposed-piston type, thecombination of a one-piece cylinder having relatively thin wall portionsfor the major part of its length and having a central thickened wallportion provided with one or more radial -l'uel admission openings and.transverse cooling medium passages, and having thickened wall portionsdisposed at either side of and spaced from the central thickened wallportion and provided with radially-extending openings and transversecooling medium passages; sleeves bridging the spaces be tween adjacentthickened wall portions to provide jacket spaces, one sleeve having itsends arranged between the radially-extending inlet openings and theradially-extending fuel admission openings and the other sleeve havingits ends arranged bet-ween the latter openings and the exhaust openings;and means providing for the circulation of cooling medium through thejacket spaces and transverse passages.

7. In an internal combustion engine of the opposed-piston typo, thecombination of a one-piece cylinder body having relatively thin wallportions for the major portion of its length, a plurality ofcircumiterentially spaced inletopenings provided in the cylinder, aplurality of circumferentially spaced outlet openings provided in thecylinder, said inlet and outlet. openings being spaced longitudinallyfrom each other, thickened wall portions formed unitary with the cylinder and surrounding each of said openings, jacket means cooperatingwith the thickened wall. portions and with portions of the cylinderspaced from the thickened wall portions to provide jacket spaces ateither side of the thickened wall portions, said thickened wallport-ions being so formed as to provide passage-ways ailordingcommunication between thejacket spaces, and means providing for thecirculation of cooling medium through the jacket spaces andpassage-ways.

8. In an internal combustion engine of the opposed-piston type, thecombination of a one-piece cylinder body having relatively thin wallportions for the'major portion of len th, jacket flanges formed uponeach end portion of the cylinder, fuel admission means provided in thecylinder between the jacket flanges, a plurality of circumferentiallyspaced scavenging fluid inlet openings provided .in the cylinder betweenone of the jacket flanges and the fuel admission means, a plurality ofcir zuunfcrentially spaced exhaust openings provided in the cylinderbetween the other jacket flange and the fuel admission m ans, thickenedwall portions formed unitary with the cylinder and surrounding each ofsaid openings, acket means cooperating with the acket flanges and withthe thickened wall portions to provide cylinder jacket spaces, saidthickened wall portions being so formed as to provide passagewaysaffording communication between the jacket spaces, and means providingfor the circulation of cooling medium through the jacket" spaces andpassageways.

' 9. In an internal combustion engine of the opposed-piston type, thecombination of a one-piece cylinder body having relatively thin wallportions for the major portion of its length and provided with centrallydisposed, circi'unterentially spaced fuel admission openings, thickenedwall portions formed unitary with the cylinder and surrounding each ofsaid fuel admission openings, jacket means cooperating with thethickened wall portions and with portions of the cylinder spaced fromthe thickened wall portions to provide jacket spaces at either side ofthe thickened wall portions, said thickened wallportions being so formedas to provide passage-ways affording communintion between the jacketspaces, and means providing for the circulation of cooling me diumthrough said jacket spaces and said passage-ways.

10 In an internal combustion engine of the opposed-piston type, thecombination of a one-piece cylinder body having relatively thin wallportions for the major part of its lengtln said cylinder being providedwith centrally disposed, circuinierentially spaced fuel admissionopenings, with circumferentially spaced scavenging fluid inlet openingslocated on one side of the fuel admission openings and spacedlongitudinally therefrom and with circumferentially spaced exhaustopenings located on the other side of the fuel admission openings andspaced longitudinally therefrom, thickened wall portions formed unitarywith the cylinder and surrounding each of said openings jacket meanscooperating with the thickened wall portions to provide cylinder jacketspaces etween the scavenging fluid inlet openings and the fuel admissionopenings and between the fuel admission openings and the exhaustopenings, said thickened wall portions being so formed as to providepassage-way. ailording communication between the jacket spaces, andmeans providing for the circulation of cooling medium through the jacketspaces and passage-ways.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 30th dayof December, 1926.

ALEXJE DER T. KASLEY.

